An energy is a count of time and the electron-volt is a clock: from the electron through the fine structure constant to hydrogen's quantum, its shells, its lines and the bonds of chemistry
Hydrogen's quantum on the G1 register is reached three independent ways, every one exact.
The volt is not a constant. One joule read through five lattice volts gives five faces of hydrogen: sodium 13.6085694, G2 13.6061161 (the ground state), G1 13.6048896, face 2 13.5977828 and face 1 13.5965571.
Each shell is the quantum over n²; multiply back by n² and the quantum returns. The lines are fractions of it.
It is the electron, 2⁹·3⁸·5⁶·π⁴/10⁷ eV, geared down twice by α and halved: 13.6048896 = 2⁸·3¹²/10⁷, a pure count with no π.
A choice of clock: an energy is a count of time, and the electron-volt reads it on the spin-orbit register of the atom.
432 kJ/mol ÷ the Faraday = 4.478976 eV (2⁵·3⁷/5⁶).
Nothing on this page was pulled, attracted or held down. There is one substance — time — flowing from the sparse toward the dense, and the radio whisper of cold hydrogen and the slow turning of Mercury are one thread of its pattern. If it stirred your curiosity, the whole weave is waiting: the planets, the atom, light, life and number, all carried by the same single force.
Read the whole theory of the Universal Force of Time →