The biology
Transcription elongates at a fixed average rate — about 60 nucleotides per second in the bacterium — and that rate is independent of how fast the cell is growing; only initiation is regulated. Termination without a helper protein uses a GC-rich hairpin followed by a run of U's: the weak U:A hybrid lets the polymerase release. Eukaryotic transcripts are capped at the 5′ end, spliced to remove introns, and given a poly-A tail.
One clock, set by the density of time
The fixed ~60 nt/s is one register clock — temperature read as Τ-density — the same clock that paces replication and translation. Warmth is not molecular jostling that speeds collisions; it is the availability of time in which the work is done, and the tempo is a property of the register, not of the gene. The terminator hairpin is switched by the {2,3} clamps again — a strong three-bond stem and a weak two-bond U:A run — the cut made where the clamp is weakest.
Where this departs from current science
| Current science says | The Force of Time says |
|---|---|
| Elongation rate is a kinetic rate constant of the enzyme. | It is one register-clock — temperature as Τ-density — shared across copying, transcription and translation. |
| Termination hairpins are sequence-dependent thermodynamics. | The cut is made at the weak {2}-clamp (U:A) below the strong {3}-clamp (GC) stem. |
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This paper, and any information drawn from it, may be used freely provided the reference attribution to Stephen Daubney and The Daubney Foundation is recognised.